In roller coaster terminology, what does "inversion" refer to?

In roller coaster terminology, "inversion" describes a maneuver where riders are turned upside down during the ride. This is commonly accomplished through elements such as loops or corkscrews. These features create the thrilling experience that enthusiasts seek, as they allow for a moment where the orientation of the riders is inverted relative to the ground. Such elements are integral to many modern roller coasters, adding excitement and varied dynamics to the ride experience.

The other choices, while they represent essential aspects of roller coaster design and operation, do not accurately capture the concept of inversion. A sudden drop evokes feelings of weightlessness and adrenaline but does not involve inverting riders. A vertical climb represents an ascent that leads to drops or inversions but is not an inversion itself. A banked turn is a crucial element for maintaining speed through curves but, again, does not involve flipping riders upside down.